创作年代 约1475年

语言 zh-CN

尺寸 38.8x36.7cm

材质 木板油画

作品描述 华盛顿国家美术馆藏 这幅画最早出现在维 也纳的利希滕斯坦收藏馆，是达·芬奇年轻时的作品。当时他还不到25岁，仍然跟随在安德烈·德尔·委罗基奥的工作室。据史料证实（安东尼奥·比利、阿诺尼莫·加达诺、瓦萨里），达·芬奇在1474年为吉内薇拉·班琪创作了这幅肖像画。她在17岁时嫁给了路易吉·迪贝尔纳多·迪拉波·尼科里尼，所以有理由认为这幅画是在1474年或此后不久为婚礼所作的一幅肖像画。此外，这幅小而珍贵的作品运用了各种名字象征符号对画中女孩进行集中赞美。她头部后方的多刺植物刺柏是一种代表祝福的植物，也暗指这位女士的名字。在背景处，三种植物相互交织形成了一个盾形的纹章：中间是刺柏树枝，左边是月桂，右边是棕榈，分别象征着荣耀（月桂）和美德（棕榈）。拉丁铭文卷轴上可以看见一句具有象征性的赞美语言“virtutem forma decorat（美德烘托美）” 。这幅画画得如此精美，使人感叹她的韶华易逝。评论家们发现，达·芬奇在年轻时期借鉴了弗莱芒绘画，特别是受到凡·艾克绘画的影响，推测当时肯定有佛罗伦萨的富商收藏了凡·艾克的作品(贡布里希，1964年；萨尔维尼，1984年)。 This painting was first in the Lichtenstein collection in Vienna and is the work of a young Leonardo, not yet twenty-five and still gravitating around Andrea del Verrocchio‘s workshop. As the ancient sources attest (Antonio Billi, Anonimo Gaddiano, Vasari), Leonardo painted the portrait of Ginevra de’ Benci, who was married to Luigi di Bernardo di Lapo Nicolini in 1474 at the age of seventeen. It is therefore reasonable to think that the portrait was made for that occasion, in 1474 or shortly thereafter. Moreover, this small and precious painting is a repertoire of onomastic symbols and praises to the girl shown here. The thorny vegetation spreading out behind her face is a juniper bush, a well-wishing plant and also allusive to the woman‘s name. In the background, three plants are intertwined to form a coat of arms: a twig of juniper in the centre, a laurel frond on the left and a palm on the right, respectively symbols of glory (laurel) and virtue (the palm). Commentary of the symbolic trophy can be seen in the scroll in Latin declaring “virtutem forma decorat” (Virtue Adorns Beauty). The painting features a very fine pictorial technique that renders her flesh evanescent. Critics have recognised that in this youthful phase, Leonardo borrowed from Flemish painting, especially that of Van Eyck, who was certainly included in the Florentine magnates’ collections (Gombrich, 1964; Salvini, 1984). 展开>